The visit marks a cautious diplomatic thaw, but the border dispute, trade imbalance and security mistrust still define the relationship.
The case is being examined as a possible transnational wildlife-trafficking route because orangutans are not native to India.
The planned bilateral could test how far the recent diplomatic thaw can move beyond border management into economic and political cooperation.
The bilateral comes just before the BRICS summit, with oil, defence ties, nuclear cooperation and trade diversification all in play.
The MEA confirmed back-to-back senior commander meetings in the eastern sector, extending the border dialogue beyond eastern Ladakh.
The bilateral drill at Jodhpur brings together Tejas, Su-30MKI, Rafale and Japan’s F-2A fighters.
The inaugural meeting covered training, peacekeeping, cyber defence, military medicine and defence industry cooperation.
Seven foreign nationals face action under the Foreigners Act as the agency continues a wider national-security probe.