The Indian rupee held close to 96 per U.S. dollar on September 30, trading around 95.97 in late-morning Mumbai trade, according to Reuters.
Foreign portfolio outflows and routine dollar demand continued to put pressure on the currency. State-run banks were seen selling dollars, a pattern traders linked to efforts to limit excessive volatility.
The exchange rate is also being shaped by global forces. Elevated oil prices matter because India is a large net energy importer, while U.S. interest-rate expectations influence demand for the dollar and international capital flows.


